Learning Outcomes

By the end of this course, the learners will be able to:

1. Describe sources that may compromise patient safety using the WHO International Classification for Patient Safety (WHO-ICPS) framework
2. apply the Ishikawa’s fish bone diagram and the 5 ’Why’s approach for root cause analysis in issues related to patient safety.
3. describe 3 different ways for thematic grouping of causes in a fish bone diagram (the generic 7 'M's, the London protocol of system analysis and the 7 groups of 'waste' or 'muda')
4. Describe the dual process theory (DPT) of thinking as a conceptual model for clinical reasoning as well as the limitations of this model
5. Describe the hypothetico-deductive model for clinical reasoning
6. State the classes of cognitive biases and give examples of each
7. Outline the high risk situations that increase the chance of committing cognitive biases
8. Outline strategies to minimize cognitive biases in clinical decisions
9. Describe the challenges of implementing cognitive debiasing strategies in clinical setting
10. Apply a mnemonic checklist called the TWED checklist to minimize cognitive biases in clinical decision making